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"Type Ia supernova discoveries at z
> 1 from the Hubble Space Telescope: Evidence for past deceleration and
constraints on dark energy evolution,"
by Adam G. Riess and 18 others, Astrophysical Journal, 607(2): 665-87,
1 June 2004.
[Authors' affiliations: 8 U.S. and European
institutions]
Abstract:
"We have discovered 16 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with the Hubble Space
Telescope (HST) and have used them to provide the first conclusive evidence
for cosmic deceleration that preceded the current epoch of cosmic
acceleration. These objects, discovered during the course of the GOODS ACS
Treasury program, include 6 of the 7 highest redshift SNe Ia known, all at z
> 1.25, and populate the Hubble diagram in unexplored territory. The
luminosity distances to these objects and to 170 previously reported SNe Ia
have been determined using empirical relations between light-curve shape and
luminosity. A purely kinematic interpretation of the SN Ia sample provides
evidence at the greater than 99% confidence level for a transition from
deceleration to acceleration or, similarly, strong evidence for a cosmic jerk.
Using a simple model of the expansion history, the transition between the two
epochs is constrained to be at z = 0.46 +/- 0.13. The data are consistent with
the cosmic concordance model of Omega(M) approximate to 0.3; Omega(Lambda)
approximate to 0.7 (chi(dof)(2) = 1.06) and are inconsistent with a simple
model of evolution or dust as an alternative to dark energy. For a flat
universe with a cosmological constant, we measure Omega(M) = 0.29 +/- 0.05
(equivalently, Omega(Lambda) = 0.71). When combined with external
flat-universe constraints, including the cosmic microwave background and
large-scale structure, we find w = -1.02+/-(0.13)(0.19) (and w < -0.76 at
the 95% confidence level) for an assumed static equation of state of dark
energy, P = wρc(2). Joint constraints on both the recent equation of
state of dark energy, w(0), and its time evolution, dw/dz, are a factor of
&SIM;8 more precise than the first estimates and twice as precise as those
without the SNe Ia discovered with HST. Our constraints are consistent with
the static nature of and value of w expected for a cosmological constant
(i.e., w(0) = -1.0, dw/dz = 0) and are inconsistent with very rapid evolution
of dark energy. We address consequences of evolving dark energy for the fate
of the universe."
This 2004 report from Astrophysical
Journal was cited 43 times in current journal articles indexed by Thomson
Scientific during November-December 2005. For the second consecutive bimonthly
period, the report's citation tally qualifies it as the most-cited physics
paper published in the last two years, aside from reviews. Prior to the most
recent two-month count, citations to the paper have accrued as follows:
September-October 2005: 53 citations
July-August 2005: 30
May-June 2005: 43
March-April 2005: 22
January-February 2005: 34
November-December 2004: 19
September-October 2004: 11
July-August 2004: 1
Total citations to date: 256
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