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"First-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Determination of
cosmological parameters," by D.N. Spergel,  L. Verde, and 15 others, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series,
148(1): 175-94, September 2003.

[Authors' affiliations: 6 U.S. and Canadian institutions]

Abstract: "WMAP precision data enable accurate testing of cosmological models. We find that the emerging
standard model of cosmology, a flat Lambda-dominated universe seeded by a nearly scale-invariant adiabatic
Gaussian fluctuations, fits the WMAP data. For the WMAP data only, the best-fit parameters are h=0.72+/-0.05, Omega(b)h(2)=0.024+/-0.001, Omega(m)h(2)=0.14+/-0.02, tau=0.166(-0.081)(+0.076), n(s)=0.99+/-0.04, and sigma(8)=0.9+/-0.1. With parameters fixed only by WMAP data, we can fit finer scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements and measurements of large-scale structure (galaxy surveys and the Lyalpha forest). This simple model is also consistent with a host of other astronomical measurements: its inferred age of the universe is consistent with stellar ages, the baryon/photon ratio is consistent with measurements of the [D/H] ratio, and the inferred Hubble constant is consistent with local observations of the expansion rate. We then fit the model parameters to a combination of WMAP data with other finer scale CMB experiments (ACBAR and CBI), 2dFGRS measurements, and Lyalpha forest data to find the model's best-fit cosmological parameters: h=0.71(-0.03)(+0.04), Omega(b)h(2)= 0.0224+/-0.0009, Omega(m)h(2)=0.135(-0.009)(+0.008), tau=0.17+/-0.06, n(s)(0.05 Mpc(-1))=0.93+/-0.03, and sigma(8)=0.84+/-0.04. WMAP's best determination of tau=0.17+/-0.04 arises directly from the temperature-polarization (TE) data and not from this model fit, but they are consistent. These parameters imply that the age of the universe is 13.7+/-0.2 Gyr. With the Lyalpha forest data, the model favors but does not require a slowly varying spectral index. The significance of this running index is sensitive to the uncertainties in the Lyalpha forest.

"By combining WMAP data with other astronomical data, we constrain the geometry of the universe, Omega(tot)=
1.02+/-0.02, and the equation of state of the dark energy, w<-0.78 (95% confidence limit assuming w&GE;-1). The
combination of WMAP and 2dFGRS data constrains the energy density in stable neutrinos: &UOmega;(&nu;)h(2)
<0.0072 (95% confidence limit). For three degenerate neutrino species, this limit implies that their mass is less than
0.23 eV (95% confidence limit). The WMAP detection of early reionization rules out warm dark matter."

This 2003 report from Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series was cited 144 times in current journal articles indexed in the Thomson Scientific database during July-August 2004. For the fifth bimonthly count in a row, this report registered as the most-cited physics paper published in the last two years, excluding reviews. In fact, of the more than 1,500 reports in the latest bimonthly update of the Hot Papers file, only one other paper (a physics review of particle properties) attracted a greater number citations during the July-August count. Prior to the most recent two-month tally, citations to the WMAP paper have accrued as follows:

May-June 2004: 105 citations
March-April 2004: 105
January-February 2004: 102
November-December 2003: 66
September-0ctober 2003: 28

Total citations to date: 550

Related information:

• by lead-author David N. Spergel about this paper.
• by co-author Licia Verde about this paper.

• View the top 10 scientists in Physics; for the period of January 1994 through June 30, 2004.

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