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"Quantum phase transition from a
superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms,"
by Markus Greiner, Olaf Mandel, Tilman Esslinger, Theodor W. Hansch, and
Immanuel Bloch, Nature, 415(6867): 39-44, 3 January 2002.
[Authors' affiliations: Ludwig Maximilians
University, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Quantum Physics,
Garching, Germany]
Abstract: "For a system at a
temperature of absolute zero, all thermal fluctuations are frozen out, while
quantum
fluctuations prevail. These microscopic quantum fluctuations can induce a
macroscopic phase transition in the ground state of a many-body system when
the relative strength of two competing energy terms is varied across a
critical value. Here we observe such a quantum phase transition in a
Bose-Einstein condensate with repulsive interactions, held in a
three-dimensional optical lattice potential. As the potential depth of the
lattice is increased, a transition is observed from a superfluid to a Mott
insulator phase. In the superfluid phase, each atom is spread out over the
entire lattice, with long-range phase coherence. But in the insulating phase,
exact numbers of atoms are localized at individual lattice sites, with no
phase coherence across the lattice; this phase is characterized by a gap in
the excitation spectrum. We can induce reversible changes between the two
ground states of the system."
This 2002 report from Nature was cited
38 times in current journal articles indexed in the Thomson ISI
database
during July-August 2003. With its latest two-month total, the paper currently
ranks at #4 among (non-review)
physics papers published in the last two years. Prior to the most recent
bimonthly count, citations to the paper have accrued as follows:
May-June 2003: 39 citations
March-April 2003: 24
January-February 2003: 20
November-December 2002: 11
September-October 2002: 19
July-August 2002: 10
May-June 2002: 6
March-April 2002: 7
January-February 2002: 1
Total citations to date: 175
SOURCE: Hot
Papers Database (Included with a subscription to the ISI print newsletter Science
Watch®, available from the ISI
Research Services Group. Packaged on a CD-ROM that is mailed with each Science
Watch issue, the Hot
Papers Database contains data on hundreds of highly cited papers published
during the last two years. User interface permits searching by author,
organization, journal, field, and more. Total citations, as well as citations
accrued during successive bimonthly periods, can be assessed and graphed. An
updated CD containing the most recent bimonthly data is mailed with every new
issue of Science
Watch,
six times a year. The CD also includes an electronic version of the Science
Watch
issue in HTML format, for personal desktop access.)
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